SLOPE ERODIBILITY AND BEST MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES IN URBAN AREAS. Maria Koons and Dr. Warren Anderson. School of Agribusiness and Agriscience.

THE USE OF BIOASSAYS TO SHOW THE ALLELOPATHIC EFFECTS OF JUGLONE ON ALFALFA. Cynthia L. Allen and Dr. W. Anderson. School of Agribusiness and Agriscience.

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT ROOTING TREATMENTS ON PRAGUE VIBURNUMS. Valerie L. Sanders, Dr. Warren Anderson, Dr. Anthony Halterlein and Mr. Larry Sizemore, School of Agribusiness and Agriscience.

DIGESTIBILITY OF ENSILED GRAPE PONACE IN RUMINANTS. M.L. Mooney, T.V. Johnston and J.L. Beckett. School of Agribusiness and Agriscience.

APPLICATION OF GIS SOFTWARE TO SITE SPECIFIC SOIL SAMPLING IN DERMININIG A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY AND SOYBEAN YIELD. Adam Richardson, Dr. Warren Anderson, and Mr. Tom Nolan. School of Agribusiness and Agriscience and Department of Geography and Geology.

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ZINC DOPED SOL-GEL MATERIALS. Melanie M. McDaniel, Freneka Minter and Dr. Judith M. Iriarte-Gross. Department of Chemistry.

SEQUENCE DETERMINATION OF AFRICANIZED HONEYBEE SPECIFIC PROTEINS USING ESI-MS. Joshua D. Rogers and Ellen F. Verdel. Department of Chemistry.

INVESTIGATIONS OF TRIMETHYLTELLURONIUM IODIDE AS A 125-TELLURIUM NMR CHEMICAL SHIFT REFERENCE AND ITS STRUCTURE. Allen Bailey (Dr. William H. Ilsley, Dr. Judith M. Iriarte-Gross) Department of Chemistry.

"EXPANDING YOUR HORIZONS IN SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS CONFERENCE": MTSU CHEMISTRY STUDENTS AS ROLE MODELS. Allen E. Bailey, Melanie M. McDaniel, Jessica Shamblin, Natalie Tate (Dr. Judith M. Iriarte-Gross) Department of C hemistry.

PRELIMINARY STUDIES USING DIFFERENT ALCOHOLS FOR THE SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ZINC DOPED SOL-GEL MATERIALS. Katherine M. Gold, Melanie M. McDaniel, Judith M. Iriarte-Gross Department of Chemistry.

SYNTHETIC INTERMEDIATES FOR 4-ALKYLPHENYLBICYCLO[2.2.2]OCTANE DERIVATIVES. Matthew 0. Barrett, Douglas B. Tatham, and Andrienne C. Friedli, Department of Chemistry.

SYNTHESIS OF exo-2,3-BIS(METHOXYMETHYL)-7-OXANORBORNENE MONOMERS. Jason Manka and Andrienne C. Friedli, Department of Chemistry.

IS THE OXIDIZING AGENT Ce(IV)/SiO2 A GENUINE EXAMPLE OF A SOLID-SUPPORTED REAGENT SYSTEM? D. G. Lancaster and M. V. Stewart. Department of Chemistry.

PREPARATION OF TERPHENYLMERCURY DERIVATIVES. Mirfet Abdelhadi and William H. Ilsley. Department of Chemistry.

A TIME-RESOLVED STUDY OF THE CHEMILUMINESCENCE OF LIGHTSTICKS. Eric Boswell and Gary D. White. Department of Chemistry.

WFPC2 OBSERVATIONS OF THE SMALL MAGELLANIC CLOUD INTERMEDIATE-AGE POPULOUS NGC 416. Rica Sirbaugh French, Kenneth J. Mighell, and Ata Sarajedini. Department of Physics.

AN EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF DIFFERENCES IN THE GROWTH OF THE MARSH PERIWINKLE (Littoraria irrorata) BETWEEN CONSTRUCTED AND NATURAL MARSHES. Sarah Wethington Brandon & Keith Walters. Department of Biology.

THE GUITARIST SPELLBOOK. Steven Edwards. Department of Computer Science.

SLOPE ERODIBILITY AND BEST MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES IN URBAN AREAS. Maria Koons and Dr. Warren Anderson. School of Agribusiness and Agriscience, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132

Structural and agricultural soil conservation is very important in urban and rural areas effected by soil erosion. For effective control, it is necessary to be able to predict soil loss as a function of different management strategies. These strategies are influenced by soil characteristics such as: soil structure, texture, permeability, organic matter content, surface residue, percentage slope and compaction. Soil characteristics were compared between an eroded and non eroded site. The soil loss was e stimated on the eroded site. Best management strategy for the eroded site was determined using the Universal Soil Loss Equation.

THE USE OF BIOASSAYS TO SHOW THE ALLELOPATHIC EFFECTS OF JUGLONE ON ALFALFA. Cynthia L. Allen and Dr. W. Anderson. School of Agribusiness and Agriscience, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreeesboro, TN 37132

Black Walnut trees (Juglans nigra L. ) are known to produce juglone which have phytotoxic effects on other plant species. The research objective was to show the allelopathic effects of juglone on alfalfa ( Medicago sativa ) germination an d how it could be remediated. Juglone did not consistently inhibit germination. When juglone did inhibited germination, the addition of fresh manure restored alfalfa seed germination.

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT ROOTING TREATMENTS ON PRAGUE VIBURNUMS. Valerie L. Sanders, Dr. Warren Anderson, Dr. Anthony Halterlein and Mr. Larry Sizemore, School of Agribusiness and Agriscience, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132

One hundred prague viburnum cuttings were divided into three groups. Each group was treated with a different rooting regime. Group one was treated with Rootone. Group two was treated with a quick-dip of 1000 ppm IBA. Group three was untreated. A ll cuttings were scared on both sides and rooted in a peat-perlite mixture and set on a heated misting table for the first thirty days. The rootings were checked at fifteen day intervals. No callus had occurred on any of the cuttings until thirty days had passed. At this time, the cuttings treated with Rootone has a heavy callus while the other two groups had very light callus. At forty-five days, the Rootone cuttings had new roots forming and the other two groups had heavy callus. At sixty days, the Rootone cuttings were to the transplant stage, the IBA cuttings had very small roots, and the untreated cuttings were still in the callus stage. At ninety days, all plants were transplanted into four-inch pots. Eight cuttings died; one from the Rootone treatment, three from the IBA quick-dip treatment, and four from the untreated group.

DIGESTIBILITY OF ENSILED GRAPE PONACE IN RUMINANTS. M.L. Mooney, T.V. Johnston and J.L. Beckett. School of Agribusiness and Agriscience, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132

Grapes used in the wine industry are crushed and pressed to expel the juice, leaving a portion of the pulp and skins (the pomace) to be disposed of. Use of the pomace in the vineyard as organic fertilizer is not recommended because it provides a fertil e breeding ground for pests in the immediate vicinity of the grapevine. Most grape pomace is buried or transported to a landfill for disposal to eliminate this potential hazard.
Grape pomace as a feedstuff has been verified by previous investigation, but has not been commerically pursued. The objectives of this research were to determine the feasibility of ensilage of grape pomace and to determine the digestibility of the resulta nt ensiled product. Three different treatments of the pomace were prepared with a Lactobacillus innoculant. Ensiled grape pomace was demonstrated to be both a potential foodsource for ruminant animals and an environmentally freindly method of dispo sing of the waste product from grape juice/wine production.

APPLICATION OF GIS SOFTWARE TO SITE SPECIFIC SOIL SAMPLING IN DERMININIG A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY AND SOYBEAN YIELD. Adam Richardson, Dr. Warren Anderson, and Mr. Tom Nolan. School of Agribusiness and Agriscience and Department of G eography and Geology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132

Conventional soil sampling for variable rate fertilization is becoming a cost ineffective way to manage agricultural land for maximum crop production. Precision farming is a new trend that is proving to be more cost effective and enables farmers to bet ter micro-manage the productivity of their land. By combining more site-specific soil sampling techniques with GIS (Geographic Information Systems) software, soil and yield data can be translated into spatial maps that show the effects of different factor s on crop yield. A soybean field managed by MTSU was selected for this study and was divided into a 200 ft grid that encompassed approximately 13.77 ac. A soil sample was taken at each grid point and analyzed for Phosphorus, Potassium, and pH before plant ing. Soybean yield was measured by harvesting one meter-row of soybeans at each gridpoint. A database was created that included the soil analysis and yield data for the entire grid. This database was then analyzed using GIS software that converted the num erical data into spatial maps that related nutrient concentrations to soybean yield.

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ZINC DOPED SOL-GEL MATERIALS. Melanie M. McDaniel, Freneka Minter and Dr. Judith M. Iriarte-Gross. Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132

The sol-gel process using zinc salts provides a new method of investigation for the controlled synthesis of zinc oxide. Classical sol-gel reactions were utilized and optimized to synthesize zinc doped sol-gel materials. Factors such as pH, alkoxide, mo lar ratio of water to alkoxide, and temperature affect the nature of the sol-gel products. The pH of the reactions was varied. Different products were obtained. Products were characterized by NMR and IR.

SEQUENCE DETERMINATION OF AFRICANIZED HONEYBEE SPECIFIC PROTEINS USING ESI-MS. Joshua D. Rogers and Ellen F. Verdel. Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132

Africanized honeybees (AHB) pose a serious threat to apiculture in the southern United States. Managed pollination of crops is of major importance to agriculture. European honeybees (EHB) are preferred over Africanized honeybees (AHB) as pollinators be cause, in addition to AHB's aggressive behavior toward humans and farm animals, they may abandon their hives as frequently as 10 or 12 times a year. These characteristics make them difficult to manage and undesirable as pollinators for crops. It is possib le to distinguish between them by several biochemical methods. The most reliable of these is based upon three proteins that are specific to Africanized honeybees. These proteins have been partially characterized and the major piece of information lacking about these proteins is the amino acid sequence. Attempts at sequencing these proteins by automated Edmann degradation were unsuccessful due to N-terminal blockage. We are at present attempting to sequence these proteins using ESI-MS.

INVESTIGATIONS OF TRIMETHYLTELLURONIUM IODIDE AS A 125-TELLURIUM NMR CHEMICAL SHIFT REFERENCE AND ITS STRUCTURE. Allen Bailey (Dr. William H. Ilsley, Dr. Judith M. Iriarte-Gross) Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Mu rfreesboro, TN 37132

The ¹²⁵Te nucleus is extremely sensitive to its electronic environment and the ¹²⁵Te chemical shift range reflects this sensitivity. Because of this sensitivity, detailed studies of tellurium compounds proposed as references for < SUP>125Te NMR spectroscopy must be conducted. Trimethyltelluronium iodide is of interest as a reference because of it's solubility in water which is important for biochemical studies. Chemical shift data and ab initio calculations are reported.

"EXPANDING YOUR HORIZONS IN SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS CONFERENCE": MTSU CHEMISTRY STUDENTS AS ROLE MODELS Allen E. Bailey, Melanie M. McDaniel, Jessica Shamblin, Natalie Tate (Dr. Judith M. Iriarte-Gross) Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennes see State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132

"Expanding Your Horizons in Science and Mathematics" (EYH) is a hands-on conference for young women who are at risk for not taking advanced science and math classes in high school. The first EYH conference was held at Middle Tennessee State University on October 25, 1997 for 300 middle school young women. The goal of the conference is to acquaint young women with science and mathematics based careers by attending hands-on workshops. Young women attending EYH also benefit from interacting with professio nal women role models and university students who are majoring in science and math related fields. Several chemistry students contributed to the success of the first EYH with their assistance in the organization and planning of the conference, by presenti ng workshops and demonstrations, and by mentoring the young women on the day of the conference.

PRELIMINARY STUDIES USING DIFFERENT ALCOHOLS FOR THE SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ZINC DOPED SOL-GEL MATERIALS Katherine M. Gold, Melanie M. McDaniel, Judith M. Iriarte-Gross Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro , TN 37132

Sol-gel materials are influenced by the nature of the alkoxy group and by the corresponding alcoholic solvent. Various alcohols will be used to synthesize silica sol-gels, which will be doped with zinc salts. Molar concentrations of the silicon alkoxid e and zinc salt will remain constant. A series of experiments will be conducted at pH 3 and a second series will be conducted at pH 9. The sol-gel process using zinc salts provides a new method of investigation for the controlled synthesis of zinc oxide. Classical sol-gel reactions will be used. Products will be characterized by 1-H, 13-C, and 29-Si FT-NMR spectroscopy and FT-IR spectroscopy.

SYNTHETIC INTERMEDIATES FOR 4-ALKYLPHENYLBICYCLO[2.2.2]OCTANE DERIVATIVES. Matthew 0. Barrett, Douglas B. Tatham, and Andrienne C. Friedli, Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132

New organotrichlorosilanes la and lb were designed for the purpose of relating the effects of molecular structure to thin film structure and photochemistry. Synthesis of la was accomplished in 9 steps, and lb in 10 steps from commercial materials. In an effort to optimize yields and complete characterization of these materials, we have prepared large scale batches of intermediates for the synthesis of lb. Here we report the transformation of a key inte rmediate in the preparation of lb that can be converted to la, resulting in a single synthetic pathway for the two compounds.

SYNTHESIS OF exo-2,3-BIS(METHOXYMETHYL)-7-OXANORBORNENE MONOMERS. Jason Manka and Andrienne C. Friedli, Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132

In the process of synthesizing anionic copolymers for solid-state battery materials, we performed the large scale synthesis of known ether 1 as a neutral co-monomer. Here we report the details of the synthesis of 1 in three steps from com mercial starting materials. Spectroscopic characterization of the intermediates will be discussed.

IS THE OXIDIZING AGENT Ce(IV)/SiO2 A GENUINE EXAMPLE OF A SOLID-SUPPORTED REAGENT SYSTEM? D. G. Lancaster and M. V. Stewart. Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132

The traditional procedure for conducting an organic reaction by having both the starting compound and reagent in homogeneous solution has been extended to heterogeneous conditions by stirring a solution of the starting material over a solid-supported r eagent, which often gives a higher product yield under mild conditions. The oxidizing agent Ce(IV)/SiO₂, is prepared by coating silica gel with ceric ammonium nitrate and is used to oxidize hydroquinones to their corresponding 1,4-benzoquinone. Comparison of the distribution of products resulting from the heterogeneous oxidation of hydroquinones by the Ce(IV)/SiO₂ reagent with those obtained from the same reaction using only powdered ceric ammonium nitrate provides some insight into whether this inorganic reagent and the solid support form a unique chemical system or whether they merely coexist as a physical mixture. Analytical results from thin layer chromatography and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy will be presented . Partial support from the Undergraduate Research Council of the School of Basic and Applied sciences at MTSU is gratefully acknowledged.

PREPARATION OF TERPHENYLMERCURY DERIVATIVES. Mirfet Abdelhadi and William H. Ilsley. Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132

 Sterically demanding lioands have been of interest because they have been shown to stabilize multiple bonds between main group elements such as Si, Ge, Sb, and As. Although a number of such ligands have been synthesized (i.e. 2,4,-Bu^t< SUB>3C₆H₃-, 2,4,6-Me₃C₆H₃- and 2,4,6-Prⁱ₃C₆H₃-) substituted terphenyls are the most steiically demanding ligands synthesized to date. We will r eport the results of out attempts to synthesize these ligands and out intent to use them to synthesize stoically hindered terphenylmercury derivatives.
Iodoterphenyls may be prepared by reacting 2,6-dibromoiodobenzene with three equivalents of an appropriate aryl grignard followed by treatment with excess iodine. Treatment of the iodoterphenyl with one equivalent of n-butyllithium followed by reaction wi th a metal halide, MX₂ (X= Cl, Br) gives the corresponding metalloterphenyl. We report here our efforts, to date, to prepare a series of terphenylmercury derivatives, TerHgX (X= Cl, Br, I, C₅Cl₅, and Ter). Ou r goal is to determine their x-ray structures and correlate these structures with NQR (Nuclear Quadrupolar Resonance) data obtained on the compounds.

A TIME-RESOLVED STUDY OF THE CHEMILUMINESCENCE OF LIGHTSTICKS. Eric Boswell and Gary D. White, Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132

Lightsticks are used in a wide variety of applications including children's toys and scuba diving. They emit light through chemiluminescence. Their colors and durations vary. We have studied the decay of the chemiluminescence using the EO-85 Spectropho tometer. The temperature of the reaction was controlled by immersing the lightstick in a constant temperature bath. Emission spectra were collected as a function of time at different temperatures. Our results show that the chemiluminescence decays rapidly at first and then more slowly. This is consistent with observations by other investigators. These results are useful in illustrating how the kinetics of lightsticks are affected by temperature. These experiments also proved to be an excellent means of il lustrating the basic principles of chemical kinetics.

WFPC2 OBSERVATIONS OF THE SMALL MAGELLANIC CLOUD INTERMEDIATE-AGE POPULOUS NGC 416. Rica Sirbaugh French, Kenneth J. Mighell, and Ata Sarajedini. Department of Physics, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132

We present our analysis of archival Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 observations in F555W (~V) and F450W (~B) of the intermediate-age populous star cluster NGC 416 in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) galaxy. We use published photometry of two other SMC populous star clusters, Lindsay 1 and Lindsay 113, to investigate the age sequence of these three star clusters. We estimate age ratios of age_NGC416/age_L1 » 0.73± 0.05 a nd age_L113/age_L1 » 0.52± 0.09 using the d_(B-V) method of Sarajedini, Lee, & Lee [ApJ, 450, 712 (1995)]. These ratios provide absolute age estimates of 6.6± 0.5 Gyr and 4.7± 0.8 Gyr for NGC 416 and Lindsay 1 13, respectively, assuming that Lindsay 1 is 9 Gyr old. Metallicities of [Fe/H] = -1.44± 0.12, -1.35± 0.08, -1.24± 0.11 dex, and reddenings of E(B-V) = 0.08± 0.03, 0.06± 0.02, 0.00± 0.02 mag for NGC 416, Lindsay 1, and Lindsay 113, respectively, were determined simultaneously using the method of Sarajedini & Layden [AJ, 113, 264 (1997)]. Accurate (relative) ages for the intermediate-age populous clusters in the SMC (e.g. via deep main sequence photometry) would allow the d(B-V) method to be recalibrated with clusters significantly younger than 7 Gyr. This extended d_(B-V) method could prove to be a very useful age diagnostic for future studies of the intermediate-age metal-poor stellar populat ions in nearby Local Group galaxies where accurate main-sequence turnoff photometry at M_V » +4 mag is currently not possible or practical.