A Process Model of Cognition
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Information Processing Approach
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Overview of the Model
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Some important Distinctions
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Evolution of the Model
I. Information Processing Approach
A. Computer analogy
B. Stage analysis
II. Overview of the Model
A. The Atkinson and Shiffrin Model
B. Major components of a computer system
(graphic)
III. Some important distinctions
A. Structure vs. Processes
Structure -> system hardware
Process -> computer software
B. Psychological Structures vs. Physiological Structures
Psychological Structure -> STS, LTS
Physiological Structures -> hippocampus
An example of a lack of
isomorphism between psychological and Physiological Structures:
Pet Activations during a verbal working memory task (Smith & Jonides,
1977)
C. Levels of Analysis (Marr, 1982)
| Computational |
Algorithmic |
Implementation |
| What is computed? |
How are computations made |
How are algorithms physically
realized |
| Map of input to output |
Form of the representation
Nature of the operations |
Physical system |
Examples:
calculator
mental imagery
IV. Evolution of the model
Recursive Decomposition
Example: Short-Term Store
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Visio-Spatial Sketch Pad
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Phonological Loop
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Central Executive
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resource pool
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priorities for allocation of resources