Factors Affecting American Education Before the Civil War

! European philosophies and education practices

! Patterns of colonization and immigration

! Importance of religion

! American independence and westward expansion

! Institution of slavery, displacement of Native Americans, and status of women

! Importance of nationalism

! Industrialization and urbanization

! Institution of public schools

! Common School movement and push for universal schooling

Factors Affecting American Education in the Modern Era

! End of Slavery

! Constitutional Amendments

! Landmark Supreme Court Decisions

! Continued industrialization and urbanization

! New immigration and greater cultural diversity

! Greater federal involvement in education

! Reconceptualizations of schooling (preschools, middle schools, comprehensive high schools, adult education

! Curriculum Reforms (standardization, diversification, innovation, evaluation)

! Progressive social and educational reforms

! Research on human behavior, psychology, and learning

! Professionalization of teaching

! Developments of science and technology

! Philanthropy and the mass media

! Consolidation and bureaucratization of schools

! National and international events (Great Depression, World Ward, Civil Rights Movement, Space Race, Cold War)

Chapters 2 & 3 – Foundations of Education, McNergney & Herbert, 2000